eBusiness Weekly
Rtd Major Silibaziso Zhou
You may be a business owner, investor or simply someone interested in the world of finance, understanding the basics of auditing will enable you to navigate the realms of financial transparency.
Auditing is one integral process that ensures financial accuracy and instils confidence in any business.
Auditing is a term derived from a Latin word “audire” which means to hear. In the olden days kings and bourbons used to leave their wealth under the custodian of stewards.
Upon their return from the business trip they would receive a verbal report from these stewards. The verbal report would cover the status of the king’s wealth.
Today’s business both small and big need auditing. Auditing acts as a lighthouse that guides businesses through the stormy seas of financial risks, errors and fraud.
This article shall discuss the concept of auditing, its definition, purpose, types and why it plays a vital role in the business landscape. So, let’s embark on this enlightening journey together!
Definition and purpose of auditing
Auditing can be defined as an independent and systematic examination of financial records, transactions and statements to assess their accuracy and reliability. It involves analysing financial data to ensure that it presents a true and fair view of a company’s financial performance and position.
The primary purpose of auditing is to provide stakeholders, including investors, shareholders and regulators, with assurance that financial information is credible, unbiased and in compliance with accounting principles and regulations.
By shedding light on potential risks and irregularities, auditing helps businesses maintain their integrity, build trust and make informed decisions.
The importance of auditing
Auditing serves as an essential pillar of financial transparency. It helps organisations identify weaknesses in internal control systems, address operational inefficiencies and prevent fraudulent activities.
In addition, auditing assists in the detection of errors, misstatements and omissions in financial statements, ensuring their accuracy and credibility.
By providing an unbiased and objective evaluation of financial data, auditing mitigates risks, protects stakeholders’ interests and enhances the overall accountability of an organisation. Essentially, auditing acts as a safeguard against financial misconduct and promotes a culture of ethical behaviour.
Types of auditing
Auditing encompasses various types that cater to different aspects of a business’s financial operations. Here are some common forms of auditing:
External auditing: This audit is defined as an independent examination of and expression of an opinion on the financial statements by a duly appointed auditor.
This is the type of auditing conducted by independent professionals (Certified Public Accountants or audit firms) and is normally conducted for public enterprises.
External auditing focuses on examining financial statements and records to provide an objective opinion on their fairness and compliance with applicable standards. This type of auditing is essential for building investor confidence and meeting regulatory requirements.
Internal auditing: Internal auditors are employed by the organisation itself to assess internal financial controls, risk management processes, operational efficiency and governance. They provide valuable insights to management regarding potential improvements, compliance, and risk mitigation strategies.
Compliance auditing: Compliance auditors ensure that businesses adhere to legal and regulatory requirements in their financial reporting practices. This type of auditing is crucial for industries such as healthcare, where strict regulations govern privacy, data security and billing practices.
Information Systems Auditing: With the increasing reliance on technology, information systems auditing focuses on evaluating the effectiveness and security of a company’s IT infrastructure, data management processes and controls.
It helps identify vulnerabilities and ensures the integrity, confidentiality and availability of critical information.
The audit process
An audit is a process that comprises of a number of stages as follows;
Planning; At planning stage the auditor gathers background information about the audited entity, evaluate risks and design an audit plan that outlines the scope, objectives and key procedures.
Fieldwork: The auditor collects and analyses financial data, perform sample testing and evaluate internal controls to identify potential risks, deficiencies or fraudulent activities.
Reporting: After completing fieldwork, auditors summarises their findings and opinions in an audit report. This report provides stakeholders with a comprehensive assessment of the financial statements’ reliability and compliance.
Follow-up: Auditors may also follow up on their findings by monitoring the implementation of recommendations or corrective actions suggested during the audit process.
In summary, we can say auditing is an indispensable part of the financial landscape, ensuring the accuracy, reliability and compliance of financial statements.
By delving into the depths of financial records and transactions, auditing serves as a beacon of transparency, guiding businesses to achieve their goals while safeguarding stakeholders’ interests.
Through its various forms, auditing cultivates trust, deters fraud, and contributes to the sustainable growth of organisations. So, let us embrace the power of auditing and foster a financial ecosystem built on integrity, accuracy, and accountability.
Rtd Major Silibaziso Zhou is a senior lecturer at Great Zimbabwe University and her elastrous career has attained the following qualifications: (FACCA,FCGI,MBA,MCOM ACC.B.TECH ACC, Forensic Auditor and PAAB)
